SPSS

SPSS (originally, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was released in its first version in 1968 after being founded by Norman Nie and C. Hadlai Hull.

Statistics included in the base software:

Descriptive statistics: Cross tabulation, Frequencies, Descriptives, Explore, Descriptive Ratio Statistics Bivariate statistics: Means, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation (bivariate, partial, distances), Nonparametric tests Prediction for numerical outcomes: Linear regression Prediction for identifying groups: Factor analysis, cluster analysis (two-step, K-means, hierarchical), Discriminant

Add-on modules provide additional capabilities. The available modules are:

SPSS Programmability Extension (added in version 14). Allows Python programming control of SPSS. SPSS Data Validation (added in version 14). Allows programming of logical checks and reporting of suspicious values. SPSS Regression Models - Logistic regression, ordinal regression, multinomial logistic regression, and mixed models (multilevel models). SPSS Advanced Models - Multivariate GLM and repeated measures ANOVA (removed from base system in version 14). SPSS Classification Trees. Creates classification and decision trees for identifying groups and predicting behaviour. SPSS Tables. Allows user-defined control of output for reports. SPSS Exact Tests. Allows statistical testing on small samples. SPSS Categories SPSS Trends SPSS Conjoint SPSS Missing Value Analysis. Simple regression-based imputation. SPSS Map SPSS Complex Samples (added in Version 12). Adjusts for stratification and clustering and other sample selection biases.

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